Seawater & Chlorides
316L · Duplex 2205 · Super Duplex 2507 · Monel 400 · Titanium Gr 2
Compositions are nominal values (weight %) and properties are typical, for guidance only. Exact limits depend on the product standard, form and condition – always refer to the applicable specification and the mill test certificate supplied with the material.
Stainless & Duplex Steels
Iron-chromium alloys with at least 10.5% chromium, which forms a self-healing passive oxide film. Austenitic grades (300 series) offer excellent formability and weldability; martensitic grades (410, 420) can be hardened; ferritic grade 430 is magnetic and economical; duplex grades combine austenite and ferrite for roughly twice the yield strength of 316 and superior chloride stress-corrosion resistance.
| Grade | Equivalents | Nominal Composition | Key Properties | Typical Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS 304 / 304L Austenitic | UNS S30400 / S30403 · W.Nr. 1.4301 / 1.4307 · SUS 304 | Cr 18 · Ni 8 · C ≤0.07 (304L ≤0.03) | General-purpose "18/8" stainless; excellent formability and weldability; non-magnetic when annealed. 304L avoids sensitisation after welding. | Food & dairy equipment, kitchenware, chemical tanks, architectural work, heat exchangers |
| SS 316 / 316L Austenitic | UNS S31600 / S31603 · W.Nr. 1.4401 / 1.4404 · SUS 316 | Cr 17 · Ni 12 · Mo 2.5 · C ≤0.08 (316L ≤0.03) | Molybdenum improves pitting and crevice resistance in chlorides (PREN ≈ 24); good creep strength. | Marine fittings, pharmaceutical & chemical plants, pulp & paper, coastal structures |
| SS 310 / 310S Austenitic | UNS S31000 / S31008 · W.Nr. 1.4845 | Cr 25 · Ni 20 · C ≤0.25 (310S ≤0.08) | Heat-resisting grade with excellent oxidation resistance up to about 1100 °C. | Furnace parts, heat-treatment fixtures, radiant tubes, kiln and burner components |
| SS 309 / 309S Austenitic | UNS S30900 / S30908 · W.Nr. 1.4828 / 1.4833 | Cr 23 · Ni 13 · C ≤0.20 (309S ≤0.08) | Good oxidation resistance up to about 1000 °C; high-alloy filler for dissimilar welds. | Furnace and boiler components, heat exchangers, dissimilar-metal welding |
| SS 410 Martensitic | UNS S41000 · W.Nr. 1.4006 · SUS 410 | Cr 12.5 · C ≤0.15 | Hardenable by heat treatment; magnetic; good strength with moderate corrosion resistance. | Valve trim, pump shafts, turbine parts, fasteners, cutlery |
| SS 416 Martensitic · Free-machining | UNS S41600 · W.Nr. 1.4005 · SUS 416 | Cr 13 · S ≥0.15 · C ≤0.15 | Sulphur addition gives the best machinability of any stainless steel; hardenable; magnetic. | Screw-machine parts, shafts, valve spindles, nuts & bolts |
| SS 420 Martensitic | UNS S42000 · W.Nr. 1.4021 / 1.4028 · SUS 420J1/J2 | Cr 13 · C ≥0.15 | Higher carbon for greater hardness (around 50 HRC when hardened); good wear resistance. | Surgical and dental instruments, cutlery, moulds, pump shafts |
| SS 430 Ferritic | UNS S43000 · W.Nr. 1.4016 · SUS 430 | Cr 17 · C ≤0.12 | Magnetic, non-hardenable; good formability and resistance to mild corrosion; economical. | Appliance panels, automotive trim, sinks, decorative applications |
| Duplex 2205 Duplex | UNS S31803 / S32205 · W.Nr. 1.4462 | Cr 22 · Ni 5 · Mo 3 · N 0.17 | About twice the yield strength of 316; excellent chloride stress-corrosion cracking resistance (PREN ≈ 35). | Oil & gas, chemical tankers, desalination, pulp & paper, heat exchangers |
| Super Duplex 2507 Super Duplex | UNS S32750 · W.Nr. 1.4410 | Cr 25 · Ni 7 · Mo 4 · N 0.27 | Very high strength; outstanding pitting and crevice resistance in seawater (PREN ≥ 40). | Offshore platforms, subsea systems, seawater cooling, firewater lines |
| Super Duplex S32760 Super Duplex | UNS S32760 · W.Nr. 1.4501 | Cr 25 · Ni 7 · Mo 3.5 · Cu 0.7 · W 0.7 · N 0.25 | Cu and W additions for improved resistance in reducing acids; PREN ≥ 40. | Seawater and brine systems, pumps, valves, flue-gas scrubbers |
Nickel Alloys
Nickel-based alloys retain strength at high temperature and resist environments that attack stainless steel – hot oxidising gases, seawater, hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acids, wet chlorine and sour service. They are specified where failure is not an option.
| Grade | Equivalents | Nominal Composition | Key Properties | Typical Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inconel 600 Ni-Cr-Fe | UNS N06600 · W.Nr. 2.4816 | Ni ≥72 · Cr 15.5 · Fe 8 | Resists oxidation, carburisation and chloride stress-corrosion cracking; good strength at high temperature. | Furnace muffles, heat-treatment baskets, chemical and food processing, nuclear components |
| Inconel 625 Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb | UNS N06625 · W.Nr. 2.4856 | Ni ≥58 · Cr 21.5 · Mo 9 · Nb 3.6 | High strength without age-hardening; exceptional pitting, crevice and seawater corrosion resistance. | Marine and offshore hardware, chemical plants, aerospace ducting, flue-gas systems |
| Inconel 718 Precipitation-hardening | UNS N07718 · W.Nr. 2.4668 | Ni 52.5 · Cr 19 · Nb 5.1 · Mo 3 · Ti 0.9 · Fe bal. | Age-hardenable for very high strength up to about 650 °C; good weldability. | Gas-turbine and aerospace parts, high-strength fasteners, oil-tool components |
| Monel 400 Ni-Cu | UNS N04400 · W.Nr. 2.4360 | Ni ≥63 · Cu 31 · Fe ≤2.5 | Excellent resistance to seawater, hydrofluoric acid and alkalis; tough over a wide temperature range. | Marine engineering, pumps and valves, HF-acid plants, heat exchangers |
| Monel K-500 Ni-Cu, age-hardening | UNS N05500 · W.Nr. 2.4375 | Ni ≥63 · Cu 30 · Al 2.7 · Ti 0.6 | Corrosion resistance of Monel 400 with much higher strength and hardness after age-hardening. | Pump shafts, impellers, oil-well tools, springs, marine fasteners |
| Hastelloy C-276 Ni-Mo-Cr | UNS N10276 · W.Nr. 2.4819 | Mo 16 · Cr 15.5 · W 3.75 · Fe 5.5 · Ni bal. | Outstanding resistance to wet chlorine, hypochlorite, ferric and cupric chlorides and strong oxidisers. | Chemical processing, pollution-control and FGD systems, pulp bleaching, waste treatment |
| Hastelloy C-22 Ni-Cr-Mo-W | UNS N06022 · W.Nr. 2.4602 | Cr 21 · Mo 13.5 · W 3 · Fe 3 · Ni bal. | Versatile resistance in both oxidising and reducing media; excellent against pitting and crevice corrosion. | Pharmaceutical and chemical reactors, scrubbers, pickling equipment |
Inconel® and Monel® are trademarks of Special Metals Corporation; Hastelloy® is a trademark of Haynes International. Equivalent generic alloys to the same UNS numbers are also supplied.
Titanium & Non-Ferrous Metals
Titanium offers the highest strength-to-weight ratio of the engineering metals with near-immunity to seawater corrosion. Copper, brass and aluminium are chosen for conductivity, machinability and light weight.
| Grade | Equivalents | Nominal Composition | Key Properties | Typical Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Titanium Grade 2 Commercially pure | UNS R50400 · W.Nr. 3.7035 | Ti ≥99 · Fe ≤0.30 · O ≤0.25 | Excellent corrosion resistance in seawater and oxidising acids; good formability and weldability. Tensile ≥345 MPa. | Heat exchangers, condensers, chemical process equipment, desalination |
| Titanium Grade 5 Ti-6Al-4V | UNS R56400 · W.Nr. 3.7165 | Al 6 · V 4 · Ti bal. | High-strength titanium alloy (tensile ≥895 MPa) with low density; heat-treatable. | Aerospace structures, medical implants, high-performance fasteners, motorsport |
| Copper C11000 ETP copper | Cu-ETP · CW004A · E-Cu58 | Cu ≥99.90 | Very high electrical conductivity (~100% IACS) and thermal conductivity; easily formed. | Busbars, electrical contacts, earthing, heat-transfer equipment |
| Brass C36000 Free-cutting brass | CuZn36Pb3 · CW603N | Cu 61.5 · Pb 3 · Zn bal. | Benchmark for machinability among copper alloys; good corrosion resistance. | Turned components, valve bodies, plumbing fittings, fasteners, inserts |
| Brass C26000 70/30 cartridge brass | CuZn30 · CW505L | Cu 70 · Zn 30 | Excellent cold formability and ductility; good strength. | Deep-drawn parts, radiator cores, ammunition cases, hardware |
| Aluminium 6061 Al-Mg-Si, heat-treatable | UNS A96061 · AlMg1SiCu | Mg 1.0 · Si 0.6 · Cu 0.28 · Cr 0.2 | Versatile structural alloy; good strength in T6 temper, weldability and corrosion resistance. | Structural frames, machined parts, fixtures, marine fittings |
| Aluminium 6082 Al-Si-Mg, heat-treatable | EN AW-6082 · AlSi1MgMn | Si 1.0 · Mg 0.9 · Mn 0.7 | Highest strength of the common 6xxx alloys; good machinability. | Highly stressed structures, bridges, cranes, transport components |
| Aluminium 5083 Al-Mg, marine grade | UNS A95083 · EN AW-5083 | Mg 4.4 · Mn 0.7 · Cr 0.15 | Non-heat-treatable; excellent seawater resistance and weldability; retains strength after welding. | Shipbuilding, pressure vessels, cryogenic tanks, tipper bodies |
| Aluminium 7075 Al-Zn-Mg-Cu, T6 | UNS A97075 · EN AW-7075 · 3.4365 | Zn 5.6 · Mg 2.5 · Cu 1.6 · Cr 0.23 | One of the strongest aluminium alloys (tensile about 570 MPa in T6); excellent machinability, lower corrosion resistance than 6xxx. | Aerospace parts, jigs and fixtures, moulds, high-stress machined components |
| Naval Brass C46400 CuZn39Sn1 | CW719R · CuZn39Sn1 | Cu 60 · Zn 39 · Sn 0.75 | Tin addition improves dezincification and seawater corrosion resistance; good strength. | Marine hardware, propeller shafts, condenser plates, valve stems |
| Zirconium 702 Reactive metal | UNS R60702 | Zr + Hf ≥99.2 | Outstanding resistance to most acids and alkalis, including hot hydrochloric and sulphuric acid, where titanium and nickel alloys fail. | Acid-service heat exchangers, reactor vessels, chemical process equipment |
| Lead Pb 99.9 | Commercially pure lead | Pb ≥99.9 | Very dense and soft; excellent resistance to sulphuric acid; radiation shielding. | Acid-plant lining, X-ray and radiation shielding, counterweights, sound damping |
Bronzes, Copper Alloys & Bearing Metals
Copper-based alloys chosen for wear, seawater and bearing service where steel would seize or corrode – supplied as rod, hollow bar, cast bushes, sheet and wire.
| Grade | Equivalents | Nominal Composition | Key Properties | Typical Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminium Bronze AB2 Nickel-aluminium bronze | BS 1400 AB2 · EN CuAl10Fe5Ni5 (CC333G) · UNS C95500 (similar) | Cu bal. · Al 9.5 · Ni 5 · Fe 5 | High strength (tensile about 640 MPa), excellent wear and seawater corrosion resistance, resists cavitation. | Pump impellers and bodies, valve seats, bushes, gears, marine propellers, wear rings |
| Gunmetal LG2 Leaded gunmetal | BS 1400 LG2 · EN CuSn5Zn5Pb5 (CC491K) · UNS C83600 | Cu 85 · Sn 5 · Zn 5 · Pb 5 | Good machinability, pressure tightness and bearing properties; corrosion resistant in water and steam. | Bushes, bearings, valve and pump bodies, pipe fittings, glands |
| Cupro-Nickel 90/10 CuNi10Fe1Mn | UNS C70600 · CW352H · 2.0872 | Cu 88.5 · Ni 10 · Fe 1.4 · Mn 0.8 | Excellent seawater corrosion and biofouling resistance; good thermal conductivity and weldability. | Seawater piping, condenser and heat-exchanger tubes, desalination plants, ship systems |
| Cupro-Nickel 70/30 CuNi30Mn1Fe | UNS C71500 · CW354H · 2.0882 | Cu 68.5 · Ni 30 · Fe 0.6 · Mn 0.8 | Higher strength and resistance to high-velocity seawater than 90/10. | Condenser tubes, feedwater heaters, offshore firewater and seawater systems |
| Beryllium Copper C17200 Age-hardening | UNS C17200 · CW101C · CuBe2 | Cu bal. · Be 1.9 · Co+Ni 0.3 | Highest strength of any copper alloy (tensile up to about 1400 MPa after ageing), non-sparking, non-magnetic, good conductivity. | Springs, connectors, non-sparking tools, plastic-mould inserts, bushes and bearings |
| Nichrome 80/20 NiCr resistance alloy | UNS N06003 · 2.4869 · NiCr8020 | Ni 80 · Cr 20 | High electrical resistivity and oxidation resistance to about 1200 °C. | Heating elements, furnace wire, resistors, thermocouple and heater applications |
| White Metal Tin-based Babbitt | ASTM B23 Grade 2 (similar) · BS 3332 | Sn 89 · Sb 7.5 · Cu 3.5 | Soft, conformable bearing alloy with excellent embeddability and low friction against steel shafts. | Plain bearings, thrust pads, turbine and compressor bearings, lining of bearing shells |
| Bell Metal High-tin bronze | CuSn20 (approx.) | Cu 78 · Sn 22 | Hard, sonorous high-tin bronze; good wear resistance in cast form. | Bells, gongs, bushes and wear parts in cast form |
Cast bronzes and white metal are supplied as bars, hollow bars or finished bushes to your drawing. Other copper alloys – phosphor bronze, leaded bronze, silicon bronze – are available on request.
Tool & Die Steels
High-carbon alloy steels designed to be hardened for cutting, forming and moulding. Cold-work grades (D2, D3, OHNS) prioritise wear resistance; hot-work grades (H11, H13, DB6) resist thermal fatigue and softening; mould steel P20 is supplied pre-hardened, ready to machine.
| Grade | Equivalents | Nominal Composition | Key Properties | Typical Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| D2 (HCHCr) Cold work | W.Nr. 1.2379 · X153CrMoV12 · SKD11 | C 1.55 · Cr 12 · Mo 0.8 · V 0.9 | High-carbon high-chromium, air-hardening; high wear resistance with better toughness than D3. Working hardness 58–62 HRC. | Blanking and forming dies, punches, thread-rolling dies, shear blades, gauges |
| D3 (HCHCr) Cold work | W.Nr. 1.2080 · X210Cr12 · SKD1 | C 2.1 · Cr 12 | Highest wear resistance of the HCHCr family; oil-hardening. Working hardness 58–64 HRC. | Long-run blanking dies, drawing dies, brick moulds, shear blades |
| OHNS Cold work · Oil hardening | AISI O1 · W.Nr. 1.2510 · 100MnCrW4 | C 0.95 · Mn 1.1 · Cr 0.55 · W 0.55 | Oil-hardening, non-shrinking – minimal distortion on hardening. Working hardness 57–62 HRC. | Gauges, press tools, punches, measuring instruments, small dies |
| H11 Hot work | W.Nr. 1.2343 · X38CrMoV5-1 · SKD6 | C 0.38 · Cr 5 · Mo 1.3 · V 0.4 · Si 1.0 | Excellent toughness and resistance to thermal shock. Working hardness 44–52 HRC. | Forging dies, extrusion tooling, die-casting dies, high-strength structural parts |
| H13 Hot work | W.Nr. 1.2344 · X40CrMoV5-1 · SKD61 | C 0.40 · Cr 5.2 · Mo 1.4 · V 1.0 · Si 1.0 | Higher vanadium than H11 for better hot-wear and thermal-fatigue resistance. Working hardness 44–52 HRC. | Aluminium and zinc die-casting dies, extrusion dies, hot-forging tools, plastic moulds |
| DB6 Hot work · Die block | W.Nr. 1.2714 · 55NiCrMoV7 | C 0.55 · Ni 1.7 · Cr 1.1 · Mo 0.5 · V 0.1 | Nickel-chromium-molybdenum die-block steel with high toughness through large sections; supplied annealed or pre-hardened. Modified versions also available. | Hammer and press forging dies, die holders, bolsters, shear blades for hot work |
| P20 Plastic mould | W.Nr. 1.2311 · 40CrMnMo7 | C 0.40 · Cr 1.9 · Mn 1.5 · Mo 0.2 | Supplied pre-hardened (about 28–34 HRC) – machine and polish without further heat treatment. | Plastic injection moulds, blow moulds, die-casting holder blocks |
| Silver Steel Precision ground bar | BS 1407 · W.Nr. 1.2210 (similar) | C 1.15 · Cr 0.45 · Mn 0.4 | High-carbon steel supplied ground and polished to close tolerance; can be hardened to about 62 HRC. | Punches, pins, shafts, spindles, jigs and fixtures, tool-room work |
Also available on request: WPS, HSS M2, chrome steels and other proprietary tool-steel grades – share your requirement for details. "Hot die steel" is supplied as H11 / H13 / DB6; "plastic mould steel" as P20 / P20+Ni.
Alloy & Case-Hardening Steels
Engineering steels alloyed with chromium, nickel, molybdenum and manganese for strength and toughness. Through-hardening grades (EN19, EN24) are used hardened and tempered; case-hardening grades (20MnCr5, EN353, 8620) are carburised for a hard wear surface over a tough core; EN41B is nitrided.
| Grade | Equivalents | Nominal Composition | Key Properties | Typical Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EN16 Mn-Mo, through-hardening | BS 970 605M36 | C 0.36 · Mn 1.5 · Mo 0.27 | High-tensile steel with good toughness; usually supplied hardened & tempered (e.g. R condition 700–850 MPa). | Shafts, axles, connecting rods, gears, high-tensile bolts |
| EN18 Cr, through-hardening | BS 970 530M40 · 41Cr4 (1.7035) · AISI 5140 | C 0.40 · Cr 1.05 · Mn 0.75 | Good strength and wear resistance; responds well to induction and flame hardening. | Gears, shafts, bolts, studs, crankshafts |
| EN19 / 4140 Cr-Mo, through-hardening | BS 970 709M40 · 42CrMo4 (1.7225) · AISI 4140 | C 0.40 · Cr 1.05 · Mo 0.25 | High tensile strength with good toughness and fatigue resistance; commonly supplied in T condition (850–1000 MPa). | Shafts, gears, spindles, oil & gas tools, high-tensile bolts |
| EN24 / 4340 Ni-Cr-Mo, through-hardening | BS 970 817M40 · 34CrNiMo6 (1.6582, similar) · AISI 4340 | C 0.40 · Ni 1.5 · Cr 1.2 · Mo 0.27 | Very high tensile strength and toughness in large sections; hardened & tempered up to about 1300 MPa. | Heavy-duty shafts, crankshafts, gears, axles, landing-gear and aerospace parts |
| EN31 / 52100 Bearing steel | BS 970 535A99 · 100Cr6 (1.3505) · AISI 52100 | C 1.0 · Cr 1.4 | High-carbon chromium steel hardening to about 60–64 HRC; excellent wear and rolling-contact fatigue resistance. | Ball and roller bearings, bearing races, gauges, punches, rollers |
| EN36 Ni-Cr, case-hardening | BS 970 655M13 · 14NiCr14 (1.5752) | C 0.13 · Ni 3.4 · Cr 0.85 | High-nickel carburising steel giving a very tough core under a hard case. | Heavy-duty gears, camshafts, crown wheels, pinions |
| EN353 Ni-Cr-Mo, case-hardening | BS 970 815M17 | C 0.17 · Ni 1.45 · Cr 1.0 · Mo 0.15 | Carburising steel with high core strength and good hardenability. | Gears, pinions, shafts, cams, heavy-duty transmission parts |
| SAE 8620 Ni-Cr-Mo, case-hardening | AISI 8620 · 20NiCrMo2 (1.6523) · BS 805M20 (EN362) | C 0.20 · Ni 0.55 · Cr 0.5 · Mo 0.2 | Versatile carburising steel with a tough core and hard, wear-resistant case. | Gears, ring gears, camshafts, king pins, fasteners |
| 16MnCr5 Mn-Cr, case-hardening | W.Nr. 1.7131 · SAE 5115 | C 0.16 · Mn 1.15 · Cr 0.95 | Case-hardening steel with good machinability and surface hardness after carburising. | Small and medium gears, piston pins, shafts, cams |
| 20MnCr5 Mn-Cr, case-hardening | W.Nr. 1.7147 · SAE 5120 | C 0.20 · Mn 1.25 · Cr 1.15 | Higher hardenability than 16MnCr5 for larger sections; high core strength. | Automotive and industrial gears, crown wheels, shafts, spindles |
| EN41B Cr-Al-Mo, nitriding | BS 970 905M39 · 41CrAlMo7 (1.8509) | C 0.39 · Cr 1.6 · Al 1.1 · Mo 0.2 | Nitriding steel developing a very hard, wear-resistant surface with minimal distortion. | Nitrided shafts, spindles, extruder screws, cams, liners |
| EN47 Cr-V, spring steel | BS 970 735A51 · 51CrV4 (1.8159) · AISI 6150 | C 0.50 · Cr 0.95 · Mn 0.8 · V ≥0.15 | Spring steel with high fatigue strength and toughness after hardening & tempering. | Leaf and coil springs, torsion bars, highly stressed gears and shafts |
| EN42J High-carbon spring steel | BS 970 060A78 / 080A78 (EN42 series) · AISI 1078 (similar) · C75S / C80S | C 0.78 · Mn 0.65 | Plain high-carbon steel hardened and tempered for high elastic limit; supplied as strip, flat and round. | Flat springs, clips, blades, cutting tools, agricultural implements |
| SAE 4130 Cr-Mo, through-hardening | AISI 4130 · 25CrMo4 (1.7218) · 30CrMo4 | C 0.30 · Cr 0.95 · Mo 0.2 | Lower carbon than 4140 for better weldability while keeping good strength and toughness after H&T. | Oil-tool components, aircraft tubing and structures, pressure vessels, welded frames |
Also available on request: 30MnCr5, chrome steels and other alloy grades to IS, DIN, AFNOR, SAE or customer specifications. EN52100 is the same bearing steel as EN31 / SAE 52100 above.
Carbon, Free-Cutting & Pressure Steels
The workhorse steels of engineering and fabrication – from leaded free-cutting steel for high-speed turning to medium-carbon shafting steels, structural grades and pressure-rated plates and forgings for boilers, vessels and low-temperature service.
| Grade | Equivalents | Nominal Composition | Key Properties | Typical Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EN1A Leaded Free-cutting | BS 970 230M07Pb · 11SMnPb30 (similar) · AISI 12L14 (similar) | C 0.10 · Mn 1.1 · S 0.30 · Pb 0.25 | Lead and sulphur additions for very high machining speeds and excellent surface finish. | Precision turned parts, bushes, fasteners, fittings, hydraulic components |
| EN3B Mild steel | BS 970 070M20 · C22 (similar) · AISI 1020 | C 0.20 · Mn 0.7 | Low-carbon steel with good weldability and machinability; can be case-hardened. | General engineering, shafts, pins, brackets, fabricated parts |
| EN8 Medium carbon | BS 970 080M40 · C40 (1.0511, similar) · AISI 1040 | C 0.40 · Mn 0.8 | Unalloyed medium-carbon steel, tensile about 550 MPa min. normalised; can be induction or flame hardened. | Shafts, studs, bolts, axles, gears, keys, general engineering |
| C45 Medium carbon | W.Nr. 1.0503 · AISI 1045 · EN9-type | C 0.45 · Mn 0.65 | Slightly higher carbon than EN8 for better strength and surface hardness after hardening. | Shafts, gears, bolts, crankshafts, machine parts, hydraulic rods |
| ST52.3 Structural | S355J2 (DIN St 52-3) · W.Nr. 1.0570 | C ≤0.20 · Mn ≤1.6 | Structural steel with yield ≥355 MPa and impact toughness at −20 °C; good weldability. | Cranes, bridges, earth-moving equipment, hydraulic cylinder tubes |
| SA 516 Gr. 70 Pressure-vessel plate | ASTM A516 / ASME SA516 Gr. 70 · UNS K02700 | C ≤0.27–0.31 (by thickness) · Mn 0.85–1.2 · Si 0.15–0.40 | Carbon steel plate for moderate and lower-temperature pressure service; tensile 485–620 MPa, yield ≥260 MPa. | Boilers, pressure vessels, storage tanks, heat exchangers |
| A350 LF2 Low-temperature forging | ASTM A350 / ASME SA350 LF2 · UNS K03011 | C ≤0.30 · Mn 0.60–1.35 · Si 0.15–0.30 | Carbon steel forgings impact-tested at −46 °C (Class 1); tensile 485–655 MPa, yield ≥250 MPa. | Low-temperature flanges, fittings and valves for LPG, petrochemical and cold climates |
| A182 F5 Cr-Mo forging | ASTM A182 / ASME SA182 F5 · UNS K41545 | Cr 4–6 · Mo 0.44–0.65 · C ≤0.15 | 5Cr-½Mo alloy for high-temperature, hydrogen and sulphide-bearing service; tensile ≥485 MPa, yield ≥275 MPa. | Refinery and petrochemical flanges and fittings, high-temperature piping |
| A105 Carbon steel forging | ASTM A105 / ASME SA105 · UNS K03504 | C ≤0.35 · Mn 0.60–1.05 · Si 0.10–0.35 | The standard carbon steel for forged flanges and fittings; tensile ≥485 MPa, yield ≥250 MPa; A105N normalised. | Flanges, forged fittings, valve bodies, general piping components |
| SA 210 Gr. A1 / C Boiler tube | ASTM A210 / ASME SA210 · UNS K02707 / K03501 | C ≤0.27 (A1) / ≤0.35 (C) · Mn ≤0.93 / 0.29–1.06 | Seamless medium-carbon boiler and superheater tubes; tensile ≥415 MPa (A1), ≥485 MPa (C). | Water-wall, economiser and boiler tubes, heat exchangers |
| T11 / T22 Cr-Mo boiler tube | ASTM A213 T11 (1.25Cr-0.5Mo) / T22 (2.25Cr-1Mo) · 13CrMo4-5 / 10CrMo9-10 | T11: Cr 1.25 · Mo 0.5 · T22: Cr 2.25 · Mo 1.0 | Creep-resisting alloy tubes for service up to about 550 °C (T11) and 580 °C (T22). | Superheater, reheater and header tubes, refinery furnace tubes |
| T91 / P91 9Cr-1Mo-V | ASTM A213 T91 / A335 P91 · X10CrMoVNb9-1 (1.4903) | Cr 9 · Mo 1 · V 0.2 · Nb 0.08 · N 0.05 | Creep-strength-enhanced ferritic steel for high-pressure, high-temperature steam up to about 600 °C; needs controlled heat treatment. | Supercritical boiler tubes and headers, main steam piping, high-temperature refinery lines |
Wear-Resistant & High-Tensile Plates
Quenched and tempered plates engineered for abrasion and impact. Harder plate lasts longer against sliding abrasion; high-tensile grades let designers use thinner, lighter sections. Hardness-graded plates are designated by nominal Brinell hardness, high-tensile grades by minimum yield strength.
| Grade | Type | Hardness / Strength | Key Properties | Typical Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hardox 400 Abrasion-resistant | Quenched & tempered wear plate | 370–430 HBW (nominal 400) | Good balance of wear resistance, toughness, bendability and weldability. | Dump bodies, containers, chutes, crusher parts, conveyor liners |
| Hardox 500 Abrasion-resistant | Quenched & tempered wear plate | 470–530 HBW (nominal 500) | Higher hardness for severe abrasion while remaining weldable and bendable. | Excavator buckets, cutting edges, hoppers, mining and recycling equipment |
| Rocstar 400 Abrasion-resistant | Quenched & tempered wear plate | Nominal 400 HBW class | 400-class wear plate for sliding abrasion and moderate impact. | Liners, skips, chutes, bucket wear parts, material-handling equipment |
| Rocstar 500 Abrasion-resistant | Quenched & tempered wear plate | Nominal 500 HBW class | 500-class wear plate for severe abrasion where longer liner life outweighs formability. | Crusher liners, screens, bucket edges, mining and quarry equipment |
| NM350 / NM400 Abrasion-resistant | NM-series wear plate (GB/T 24186) | Nominal 350 / 400 HBW | Economical quenched & tempered wear plates; NM400 is the general-purpose abrasion grade with good weldability and bendability. | Dumper bodies, chutes, hoppers, conveyor and mixer liners |
| NM500 / NM600 Abrasion-resistant | NM-series wear plate (GB/T 24186) | Nominal 500 / 600 HBW | High and very high hardness classes for extreme abrasion; NM600 is used where forming is minimal. | Crusher and mill liners, cutting edges, screens, cement and mining wear parts |
| SAILMA 250 / 350 High-tensile structural | High-strength low-alloy plate (SAIL) | Yield ≥250 / ≥350 MPa | Higher strength than mild steel for lighter structures; good weldability and formability. SAILMA 350HI adds impact toughness. | Structural fabrication, cranes, earth-moving equipment, bridges, rail wagons |
| EN19 / EN24 Plate Alloy steel plate | 42CrMo4 / 34CrNiMo6 plate, H&T or annealed | As per bar grade | Through-hardening alloy steel in plate form for machined components requiring strength through the thickness. | Die holders, machine parts, gear blanks, tooling plates, wear strips |
Hardox® is a trademark of SSAB; SAILMA is a product designation of Steel Authority of India Ltd; NM grades follow the Chinese GB/T wear-plate designation. Grade names are used to identify the material supplied.
Engineering Plastics
Lightweight, corrosion-proof alternatives to metal for bearings, wear parts, seals and insulation – self-lubricating, quiet in operation and resistant to a wide range of chemicals.
| Grade | Type | Service Temperature | Key Properties | Typical Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nylon (PA6 / PA66) Polyamide | Cast or extruded engineering thermoplastic | Approx. −40 to +100 °C | Tough, wear-resistant and self-lubricating; good mechanical strength; absorbs some moisture. | Bushes, gears, rollers, wear pads, sheaves, conveyor parts |
| Teflon (PTFE) Fluoropolymer | Virgin or filled PTFE | Approx. −200 to +260 °C | Lowest friction of any solid; inert to almost all chemicals; excellent electrical insulator. | Seals, gaskets, valve seats, slide bearings, chemical and electrical insulation parts |
| PP (Polypropylene) Polyolefin | Homopolymer / copolymer sheet and rod | Approx. 0 to +100 °C | Lightweight with excellent resistance to acids and alkalis; easily welded and fabricated. | Chemical tanks, lab equipment, ducting, electroplating and pickling equipment |
Teflon® is a trademark of The Chemours Company; PTFE is supplied as the generic material.
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This page covers our most-requested grades. We supply industrial raw materials in any grade & size – send your requirement and our team will confirm availability, equivalents, size range and price.
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Which Grade for Which Job?
A starting point for common requirements. Final selection should consider the full service conditions – our team can help.
High-Temperature Oxidation
SS 310S · SS 309S · Inconel 600 · Inconel 625
Aggressive Chemicals
Hastelloy C-276 · Hastelloy C-22 · Inconel 625 · Titanium Gr 2 · PTFE
High-Tensile Shafts
EN19 / 4140 · EN24 / 4340 · EN16 · EN8 (lighter duty)
Case-Hardened Gears
20MnCr5 · 16MnCr5 · EN353 · SAE 8620 · EN36
Bearings & Rollers
EN31 / 52100
Cold-Work Dies & Punches
D2 · D3 (HCHCr) · OHNS · Silver Steel
Hot-Work & Die-Casting
H13 · H11 · DB6
Plastic Moulds
P20 (pre-hardened) · H13 · SS 420
Abrasion & Liners
Hardox 400 · Hardox 500 · Rocstar 400
Low-Temperature Service
A350 LF2 · SS 304L · SS 316L
Pressure Vessels & Boilers
SA 516 Gr. 70 · A182 F5 · SS 316L
High-Speed Machining
EN1A Leaded · SS 416 · Brass C36000
Electrical Conductivity
Copper C11000 · Aluminium 6061 / 6082
Lightweight Strength
Titanium Gr 5 · Aluminium 6082 · Aluminium 5083 (marine)
Low Friction & Insulation
PTFE · Nylon · PP
Grade Enquiry
Need Help Choosing the Right Grade?
Share your application, service conditions, size and quantity – we'll recommend a suitable grade and confirm availability, equivalents and documentation.